Recovering From 减肥手术
在十大赌博平台排行榜康复
病人 generally spend one to two days in the hospital following minimally invasive bariatric surgery.
In the early days and weeks after surgery, it's normal to experience 乏力, 恶心和呕吐, 失眠, 手术后的疼痛, 弱点, 头晕, 食欲不振, 胀气和气痛, 便溏, 以及情绪的起伏. 病人 experience these to varying degrees, so discuss any particular concerns you have with your bariatric surgery team.
疼痛控制
You may feel pain at the incision site or as a result of how your body was positioned during surgery. Some patients also experience neck and shoulder pain, 当身体重新吸收手术中使用的气体时会发生什么.
如果您的疼痛使您无法移动,请通知您的护理团队. Pain is addressed with oral medications, which work best when used regularly. Don't wait for your pain to become intolerable before asking for another dose; maintaining a steady level of the medication in the bloodstream keeps pain manageable.
To reduce the need for opioids, the pain management plan involves multiple treatment modes. In cases where oral opioids are prescribed, it will be only for the first few days after surgery.
加速恢复的运动
The single most effective way to shorten recovery time is to get active right away. Simply walking short distances and even changing positions in bed promotes circulation. Good blood flow enhances healing and discourages the formation of blood clots.
手术后至少每小时进行一次以下练习. It's also a good idea to practice these movements before surgery to promote lung function and agility.
- Beginning the first night after surgery, 坐起来,摆动你的脚, then stand at your bedside with the help of your nurse or physical therapist. This may hurt but will become easier each time. 你的力量会恢复,你的痛苦会每天减轻.
- 手术后的第二天,你会被要求下床走路. 在那之后, walk at least three times per day and perform leg and breathing 锻炼s hourly. You may not feel well enough to go for a walk, but try to do as much as possible.
- 你的护士会教你如何咳嗽和深呼吸, and you'll be shown how to use an incentive spirometer to help expand your lungs. Coughing and deep breathing loosen secretions that may accumulate in your throat or lungs and can help prevent pneumonia. Deep breathing also increases circulation and helps your body eliminate the anesthetics that were used for surgery.
如何深呼吸:
- Inhale as deeply as you can, letting your belly – not just your chest – expand.
- Hold your breath for two seconds.
- 完全呼气.
- 重复三次.
如何咳嗽:
- 深吸一口气.
- Cough from your abdomen, not your throat. Hold a pillow against your abdomen for support.
How to 锻炼 your feet and legs:
- While lying on your back in bed, push your toes toward the end of the bed, as if you're pressing a gas pedal.
- 把脚趾向床头方向拉,然后放松.
- Circle each ankle to the right, then to the left.
- 重复三次.
在家康复
离开十大赌博平台排行榜
Your surgeon will decide when you're ready to go home, based on your progress. 出院前, 你会收到具体的饮食和活动指导, along with precautions and information on issues that warrant contacting your surgeon. If you have concerns about returning home, discuss them with your nurse or discharge coordinator.
When you return home, take it easy for a while. Your body is healing from major surgery and the weight loss that occurred during the initial recovery period.
后续任命
我们关心你的进步. 与你的减肥手术团队保持联系, 所以我们会尽最大努力帮助你顺利康复.
We schedule an initial follow-up video visit for two to three weeks after surgery. 您的出院说明将包括这次访问的信息. 在那之后, you'll see your care team regularly – usually three, 六个, nine and 12 months after surgery. Then you'll have an annual appointment.
It's also important to keep your primary care provider informed of your progress.
应避免的活动
术后3 - 6周不建议进行剧烈运动. Avoid lifting anything heavier than 15 to 20 pounds for the first 六个 weeks.
推荐活动
During the first few weeks after surgery, you may feel weak and tire easily. However, frequent nonstrenuous activity, such as short walks, is recommended. Gradually increase the distance of your walks. 你的体力活动越多,你的恢复就越好. Following these recommendations will help you get back to your baseline energy level more quickly.
Continue walking at least four times a day, 到第六周,你每天要走30到45分钟. If you have specific problems with your weight bearing joints (such as the ankles, 膝盖和臀部), 一旦腹部伤口愈合,你就可以进行水上运动, typically three to four weeks post-op.
保持肌肤水润
手术后的头几周你可能会恶心或呕吐. To control these side effects, maintain your fluid intake by taking small, frequent sips of water. 喝1.5 to 2 liters of water daily is recommended.
旅行
You can resume traveling short distances as soon as you feel strong enough. Don't drive a motor vehicle until you're no longer taking prescription 止痛药, which is usually about one week after surgery. If your planned trip involves a long flight, wait at least four weeks after surgery.
个人卫生
During the first several days after discharge, most patients like to have someone at home with them for moral and physical support. You may shower upon returning home.
伤口护理
Your incisions will have sutures (stitches) deep in the skin and surgical glue on top. The sutures dissolve over time, and the glue begins to peel one to two weeks after surgery.
洗澡时让伤口浸湿是安全的, 但在伤口完全愈合之前,不要把它们浸入水中. As the glue peels off, apply Vaseline or Aquaphor to the incisions to keep the skin moisturized. This prevents scabbing and speeds healing.
A small amount of yellow, pink or clear fluid draining from the incision is normal. If an infection develops at the wound site, it usually occurs three to 10 days after surgery. Watch for symptoms of infection, which include:
- 切口发红或有恶臭的液体
- Severe pain at the incision site
- A fever of greater than 101.5华氏度
Contact your bariatric surgery team if you experience any of these symptoms.
担忧的症状
Serious problems are not common after this surgery. However, if you experience any of the symptoms below, contact your surgeon immediately:
- 101度热.5华氏度或更高
- 伤口发红、肿胀、疼痛加剧或脓样渗出
- Chest pain or shortness of breath
- 恶心想吐 or vomiting that lasts more than 12 hours
- Pain, redness or swelling in your legs
- Inability to urinate lasting eight hours
- Pain that persists after taking 止痛药
正常副作用
You may experience some of the following postsurgical issues, which are considered normal:
- Moderate swelling and bruising. 如果你有严重的肿胀和瘀伤,通知你的外科十大赌博平台排行榜, as these may indicate infection or internal bleeding.
- Mild to moderate discomfort or pain. Notify your surgeon if your pain becomes severe or persists after your 止痛药 should have taken effect.
- 暂时的麻木. This is caused by the cutting of small sensory nerves near the surface of the skin during surgery. Sensation usually returns as the nerve endings heal, typically within 六个 months. Be careful not to burn your skin when using heating pads on areas of the body that may be temporarily numb.
- Shooting electrical sensations within the skin, which often occur as nerve endings heal. 这在恢复期很常见,尤其是在活动期间. 佩戴腹部绑扎器可以帮助减少这种症状.
- Red, dark pink or purple scars in the first weeks to months after surgery. Scars take about a year to fade. 重要的是要保护你的手术疤痕一整年不被太阳晒伤, even when covered by a bathing suit, 因为阳光仍然可以照射到皮肤并造成伤害. Apply a sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 30 before any sun exposure.
恶心想吐
恶心想吐 may occur as a result of insufficient chewing, 肚子饱腹感, 对气味的敏感性, 止痛药, going without food for too long, postnasal drip or dehydration. During the first days after surgery, 恶心通常可以用止吐药来治疗. 只按照十大赌博平台排行榜的处方服用恶心药.
Rarely, 恶心想吐 becomes so severe that it prevents a person from drinking adequate amounts of liquid. If this happens, you'll need to receive intravenous (IV) fluids at the hospital. 持续呕吐可导致脱水和电解质失衡.
Odors can sometimes be overwhelming after surgery. If you experience dry heaving, 试着在手帕上闻几滴薄荷精油. Avoid perfumes and scented lotions. If food odors bother you, try having someone else prepare your meals or stick to bland foods.
Learn to recognize when you are full. This will not happen immediately, but by eating very slowly, it will become easier.
If you have difficulty drinking due to 恶心想吐, 试试薄荷茶, 茴香茶, 脱咖啡因的绿茶, or hot or cold water with lemon. 吮吸肉桂棒也可以缓解恶心.
如果你认为你的止痛药会引起恶心, 打电话给你的外科十大赌博平台排行榜办公室,讨论更换处方.
呕吐
呕吐 is often caused by eating inappropriately. 一开始,你可能很难适应新的身体结构. 你一次只能吃一到两汤匙.
Possible causes of vomiting include:
- 吃得太快
- 食物咀嚼不彻底
- 吃太干的食物
- Eating too much food at once
- Eating solid foods too soon after surgery
- Drinking liquids with meals or right after meals
- 用吸管喝水
- 饭后躺下
- Eating foods that don't agree with you
防止呕吐:
- 好好咀嚼食物.
- 保持食物湿润.
- 测量部分. Eat small amounts every one to two hours in the early postoperative period.
- 遵循 "Dietary Guidelines After 减肥手术" education guide recommendations for diet progression.
If you experience prolonged vomiting, stop eating solid foods and instead sip liquids, such as protein shakes and water. If you have difficulty swallowing food or keeping food down, call your bariatric surgery team.
呕吐 may indicate that food isn't passing successfully through your stomach. If vomiting continues for more than 24 hours, contact your bariatric surgery team. Also, be aware that vomiting can cause severe dehydration, which requires treatment.
脱水
脱水 occurs when you don't drink enough fluids. 症状包括疲劳, 深色尿, 晕倒, 恶心想吐, low back pain (a constant dull ache across the back) and a whitish coating on the tongue. If you experience these symptoms, 需要验血来确定你脱水的严重程度. 脱水还会增加膀胱和肾脏感染的风险.
如果你担心脱水,联系你的减肥手术团队. 你可能需要静脉输液.
防止脱水:
- 买一个可重复使用的瓶子,随身携带,整天喝水.
- 至少喝一杯.5 to 2 liters of fluids per day. Increase this amount if you're sweating a lot.
- Avoid caffeinated beverages because they act as diuretics – increasing the amount of water expelled from your body. Unsweetened herbal tea – hot or iced – is fine.
- 如果恶心让你难以喝水,那就吃冰块.
排便习惯
Bowel movements vary greatly 在减肥手术之后. Stools may be foul smelling, associated with flatulence, or a different color than normal. 例如,服用铁补充剂会使你的大便变暗或变黑. 在你吃更多的固体食物之前,你的大便会变软. 随着身体的愈合和适应变化,这些变化中的大多数都会消失. 如果你持续腹泻,请联系你的减肥手术团队.
减肥手术后,你会消耗更少的食物和纤维. As a result, you may have bowel movements less frequently and experience constipation. If constipation persists, try adding a powdered fiber supplement to your daily routine.
To keep bowel movements regular:
- Avoid cow's milk products, such as milk and cheese, if you become sensitive to lactose after surgery. 酸奶应该还是可以的. Lactose intolerance and consumption of high-fat foods can cause 便溏 and diarrhea.
- Use a food journal to figure out which foods may be causing irregular bowel movements.
- 在你的日常生活中加入Miralax来加速肠道蠕动。. If your stools continue to resemble rocks (instead of soft logs) after making these changes, contact your bariatric surgery team.
肠胃气胀
Everyone has gas in the digestive tract. Gas comes from two main sources: swallowed air and the normal breakdown of certain foods by harmless bacteria that live in the large intestine. After gastric bypass surgery, patients have a shortened bowel, which can result in more odorous gas or more forceful expulsion of gas from the body.
特别是, high-carbohydrate foods cause gas, 而富含脂肪和蛋白质的食物则几乎不会引起疾病. Foods especially known to cause gas include beans, 蔬菜, 一些水果, 软饮料, 全谷物, 小麦, 麸皮, cow's milk and cow's milk products, and foods containing sorbitol or dietetic products.
减轻胀气:
- Eat meals slowly and chew food thoroughly.
- Discontinue eating all cow's milk products. Lactose intolerance is generally the culprit for gas. 酸奶也可以.
- Avoid chewing gum and hard candy; both can contribute to the problem.
- 避免用吸管喝水,这也是一个因素.
- 尝试治疗肠胃胀气的方法, such as Lactobacillus acidophilus supplements (a probiotic or type of beneficial bacteria that aids digestion), natural chlorophyll and simethicone.
贫血
Bariatric surgery reduces stomach size, which puts recovering patients at risk for decreased iron absorption and iron deficiency anemia. Signs of iron deficiency anemia include paleness, 乏力, 弱点, difficulty maintaining body temperature, dizziness and shortness of breath. To prevent this problem, you will take a daily bariatric-specific multivitamin, which has added iron.
缺铁也可能是由维生素A水平低引起的. Vitamin A helps mobilize iron from its storage sites, 所以缺乏维生素a会限制身体利用储存铁的能力. This results in what appears to be an iron deficiency because hemoglobin levels are low, 即使身体可以维持足够的铁储量.
Temporary hair loss and skin changes
Hair shedding is one of the body's natural stress responses to rapid weight loss. 这通常在手术后6到12个月得到改善. 虽然这个问题是暂时的,但患者可能会感到不安.
减少脱发, take multivitamins daily and consume at least 60 to 80 grams of protein per day. 减肥复合维生素含有头发的成分, 皮肤和指甲的补充, 所以你不需要在你的日常生活中添加另一种补充.
Avoid hair treatments, such as permanents, that stress your hair from the outside.
减肥手术后,皮肤的质地和外观可能会发生变化. Some patients develop acne or dry skin, 因为蛋白质, 维生素和水分的摄入对健康的皮肤很重要. This is another reason to carefully follow the diet and hydration guidelines.
性与怀孕
You may resume sexual activity when you feel physically and emotionally stable.
It is strongly recommended that sexually active women use a reliable form of birth control, 比如宫内节育器, 在减肥手术之后, as fertility may increase with rapid weight loss.
It is imperative to avoid pregnancy during the first 12 to 18 months 在减肥手术之后. Body weight and micronutrient levels rapidly change during this postoperative period, 哪一个不是支持健康怀孕的最佳选择.
如果你真的怀孕了, please contact the bariatric surgery office, and your care team will work with your obstetrician to ensure the best possible prenatal care.
终身承诺
Surgery gives you a physical tool for weight loss, but you must commit to making the mental and emotional changes necessary for long-term weight loss and maintenance.
手术后, you need to take vitamins and supplements regularly, ingest high-quality nutrients, 参加减肥手术团队的后续预约, 锻炼, and participate in support groups. Your emotional and physical well-being depends on your dedication to this multifaceted plan.
手术后体重反弹的常见原因包括缺乏锻炼, 膳食不均衡, 常数放牧, and eating processed carbohydrates and sugars. You must manage your food intake and 锻炼 regularly for the rest of your life.
支持团体
Support groups are an integral part of the healing process, physically and emotionally. All patients are encouraged to incorporate a support group session into their monthly schedule. UCSF offers a support group that meets over Zoom on the third Wednesday of each month. 请浏览我们的 减肥手术 Support Group 网页获取更多信息,并加入我们的电子邮件列表.
锻炼
In a reduced-calorie state, the body naturally tends to use muscle for immediate energy needs. That means following a consistent fitness program after surgery is essential. 每周至少锻炼三次可以保持肌肉质量, 燃烧脂肪,增加你长期成功的潜力.
补充
因为减肥手术改变了消化过程, you'll take vitamins and other nutritional supplements for the rest of your life. Vitamin deficiencies are preventable and detectable, so take your supplements and see your bariatric surgery team for regular follow-up visits and lab work.
加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.
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